ABSTRACT
Background: Student groups are prone to drug abuse. The prevalence of drugs in the past year among high school students in Surabaya, Indonesia occupies the highest provincial capital (9.4%). The purpose of this study analyzed the relationship between knowledge about drugs, attitudes about peer education, gender, class, and students’ intention to participate in peer education programs in HEY (Health Educator for Youth) activities.
Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with student participants (12-18 years) in six high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia (n=167). This study used an online survey to assess knowledge of drugs and students’ attitudes about HEY peer education activities.
Results: More than half of the students have insufficient knowledge about drugs and have negative attitudes about peer education in HEY activities. This study also showed that students’ intention to participate in peer education was not influenced by the level of knowledge, student attitudes, and gender. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between class and student participation in peer education activities. This showed that the student’s factor regarding participation in peer education was a class category where the lower class is more motivated to participate.
Conclusion: Most students have less knowledge about drugs and a negative attitude about peer education. However, the intention to participate in peer education activities is more thus it is necessary to improve the quality of peer educators through activities that are performed regularly by various relevant stakeholders.
REFERENCES
National Narcotics Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. Understanding drugs and the dangers of drugs for health. 2019. Available from: https://bnn.go.id/pengertian-narkoba-dan-bahaya-narkoba-bagi-kesehatan
UNODC. World Drug Report 2018. Available from: https://www.unodc.org/wdr2018/
Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Health research on the impact of drug abuse. Ministry of Health; 2019.
National Narcotics Agency, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. 2019 Drug abuse survey. National Narcotics Agency, Indonesian Institute of Sciences; 2019. p. 1-32.
Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Infodatin Drugs 2017. Ministry of Health; 2017. p. 1-8.
National Narcotics Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. 2018 Prevalence Survey. National Narcotics Agency; 2019. p. 1-132.
National Narcotics Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia drugs report 2019. National Narcotics Agency; 2019. p. 1-206.
Pourmovahed Z, Yassini Ardekani SM, Roozbeh B, et al. Knowledge of male high school students in Yazd and Rafsanjan (IRAN) regarding illicit drugs use as a social problem: A comparative study. Soc Behav Res Health 2017;1:119-25.
Javadian R, Eglima M, Behzadmanesh M. An investigation into narcotic drugs awareness among students of Islamic Azad University. Procedia – Soc Behav Sci 2010;5;392-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.110
Elkazh EAEE, El Mahdy NHF. Knowledge and attitude of the secondary school and college students about drug abuse and participation in prevention programs in Tanta city, Egypt. Int J Nursing Didact 2017;7:1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15520/ijnd.2017.vol7.iss11.262.01-12
Çirakoǧlu OC, Işin G. Perception of drug addiction among Turkish university students: Causes, cures, and attitudes. Addict Behav 2005;30:1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.04.003
Zaman M, Almajidi W, Hurunnaher. Knowledge on the effects of drug abuse among the students in a selected high school in Dhaka City. Banglad J Dental Res Educ 2013;3:12-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16603
Baraz S, Rostami M, Pour FK, et al. Surveying and comparing the effect of two training methods: Drug addiction prevention (peer education with teachers) on the level of knowledge and attitudes on the high school students of ShahreKord, Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9:1304-7.
Al-zurfi BMN, Fuad MDF, Ghazi HF, Abdalqader MA. knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to drugs among pahang matriculation students in Malaysia. Int J Public Health Res 2016;6:750-6.
Haddad L, Shotar A, Umlauf M, Al-Zyoud S. Knowledge of substance abuse among high school students in Jordan. J Transcult Nurs 2010;21:143-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659609357632
Adebowale AT, Olatona FA, Abiola OA, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice of drug abuse among public secondary school students in Lagos, Nigeria. High Med Resh J 2013;13:44-8.
Bhattarai J, Chudal S. Knowledge regarding drug addiction among the students of selected higher secondary school of Biratnagar, Nepal. J Neonat Res Pediatr Care 2018;1:1-9.
Herman, Wibowo A, Rahman N. [Perilaku Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Di Kalangan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Banawa Kabupaten Donggala (Drug abuse behavior among high school students Banawa, Donggala Regency)].[Article in Indonesian]. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 2019;2:21-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31934/mppki.v2i1.524
Ratnasari Y. [Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Siswa tentang Bahaya Narkoba dan Peran Keluarga terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Narkoba (Studi Penelitian di SMP Agus Salim Semarang) (Relationship of Knowledge, student attitudes about the dangers of drugs and the role of families on drug prevention efforts (Research study at SMP Agus Salim Semarang)].[Article in Indonesian]. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia 2015;10:90-9.
Nurmala I, Pertiwi ED, Muthmainnah M, et al. Peer‐to‐peer education to prevent drug use: A qualitative analysis of the perspectives of student peer educators from Surabaya, Indonesia. Health Promot J Austr 2020. doi: 10.1002/hpja.400.Online ahead of print.
Muthmainnah, Nurmala I, Siswantara P, et al. Mixed methods: Expectations versus facts on the implementation of adolescent care health service. Indian J Public Health Res Dev 2019;10:504-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01054.4
Nurmala I, Muthmainnah, Rachmayanti DR, et al. The intention of Indonesian high school students to participate in drug abuse prevention through peer education activities. Element Educ Online 2021;20:750-6.
Siswantara P, Soedirham O, Muthmainnah M. Remaja Sebagai Penggerak Utama dalam Implementasi Program Kesehatan Remaja (Adolescents as Main Movers in the Implementation of Youth Health Programs)].[Article in Indonesian]. Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia 2019;7: 5-66.
Nurmala I, et al. Mewujudkan remaja sehat fisik, mental dan sosial (model intervensi health educator for youth) – (Creating physically, mentally and socially healthy youth (health educator intervention model for youth)].[Book in Indonesian]. Airlangga University Press; 2020.
Muthmainnah, Nurmala I, Siswantara P, et al. Power-attitude-interest of stakeholoders in developing adolescent health promotion media. Int J Innov Creativ Change 2020;11;287-99.
Mohammadi M, Ghaleiha A, Rahnama R. Effectiveness of a peer-led behavioral intervention program on tobacco use-related knowledge, attitude, normative beliefs, and intention to smoke among adolescents at Iranian Public High Schools. Int J Prevent Med 2019;10:1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_493_17
Nurmala I, Muthmainnah M, Rachmayanti DR, et al. Gender and norms related to an intention for participating in counseling sessions by peer educator. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 2019;32:105-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V32I12019.105-113
Akkus D, Eker F, Karaca A, et al. Is peer education program an effective model in prevention of substance addiction in high-school teens? J Psychiatr Nurs 2016;7:34-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5505/phd.2016.59489
Peykari N, Ramezani Tehrani F, Malekafzali H, et al. An experience of peer education model among medical science university students in Iran. Iran J Public Health 2011;40:57-62.
Djalalinia S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Malekafzali H, Peykari N. Peer education: Participatory qualitative educational needs assessment. Iran J Public Health 2013;42:1422-9.
Nurmala I, Muthmainnah, Rachmayanti DR, et al. Students attitudes towards reactivation of peer counselor program to prevent substance use/Actitudes de los estudiantes hacia la reactivacion del programa de consejeros para prevenir el uso de sustancias. Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana 2020;25:134-44.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. School-based drug education: a guide for practitioners and the wider community. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2003.
Nurmala I, Pertiwi ED, Devi YP. Perception of roles as peer educators in high schools to prevent drug abuse among adolescents. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2020;14:1350-4.